The Barnbow Munitions Workers by Frances Brody

Frances Brody shares a little of the history of the Barnbow workers and the sacrifices they made.

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Information plaques in Manston Park, keeping the Barnbow Workers’ memory alive

On a bitterly cold morning a couple of years or so ago, a small crowd gathered in Manston Park,  Cross Gates to witness the unveiling of the new memorial commemorating the thirty-seven ‘Barnbow Lasses’ and three men killed in explosions at the Barnbow Munitions Factory in December 1916, March 1917 and May 1918.

The Barnbow workers were casualties of the Great War as surely as if they had been in the trenches. News of the factory explosions was kept secret at the time for security reasons.   Only notices of accidental deaths in the evening papers provided a hint of the tragedy that occurred on 5 December, 1916, when thirty-five women and girls lost their lives.

The First National Shell Filling Factory eventually covered around 400 acres, incorporating two farms.  The farms were necessary to supplement rations. Working with chemicals caused illness and yellowing of the skin. Drinking milk was thought to help and workers were encouraged to drink lots of it – provided by the Barnbow cows.  Employees were recruited from Leeds, Castleford, Wakefield and surrounding areas. As more men went to fight, women eventually comprised over ninety percent of the workforce, operating eight hour shifts around the clock.

Later the land became the site of Vickers Tank Factory. Now, houses have been built there and many streets named for those who lost their lives.

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The memorial garden for the Barnbow Lasses in Manston Park, Cross Gates

In Manston Park, on that chilly day, local residents,  relatives of those who lost their lives, clergy, councillors, members of the East Leeds  History and Archaeology Society and children from nearby primary schools came together to ensure that those who died would not be forgotten. The ground surrounding the memorial was bare that morning. Children were invited to design a flower bed.

The 40 and the 64 buses stop outside the park. The memorial is near the gate. Further up Manston Lane on the right is the housing development where streets are named for some of the women. The Leeds Way starts a little farther on.


9780349410708Somewhere Behind the Morning (2005), the Leeds-based saga that includes characters involved with Barnbow, and an account of the explosion, originally published by Frances under the name Frances McNeil, will be re-published on 7 January 2016 as a Frances Brody novel, going back to its original title Sisters on Bread Street.

Bread Street was the street off York Road where Frances’ mother lived until the age of eleven. It’s where Ebor Gardens Primary School now stands. Frances says that she couldn’t have guessed that a few years after writing the book that she would be living so close to where the Barnbow tragedies occurred.


If you want to know more about the Barnbow workers, you can meet a Barnbow Lass at our Children’s Festival Day at the Royal Armouries this Saturday, 14th November. You can visit the Lest We Forget exhibition at the Royal Armouries, Leeds until 31 Jan 2016. You can also explore A Graphic War , the new city-wide contemporary art project from sculptor Ian Kirkpatrick which examines the First World War through the lens of its graphic design outputs, until 30th November. His sculpture, Britannia at the Trinity Centre, is inspired by the Barnbow women.

Image: Britannia for Leeds Museums & Galleries, photographed by Lucy Moore
Image: Britannia for Leeds Museums & Galleries, photographed by Lucy Moore
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